League: Irish American Football League Preseason

Irish American Football League Preseason 1987

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1987] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Britball Now (2016) East Side Jets [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/EastSideJets.htm [Accessed 18 July 2018]

NEWSPAPERS

[3] Anon. (1986) “The Jets learn to be mean”Belfast Telegraph. Wednesday, December 10, 1986. pg. 9 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[4] Anon. (1987) “Successful start by Belfast Jets”Belfast Telegraph. Tuesday, March 17, 1987. pg. 21 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[5] Anon. (1986) “American Football”Belfast Telegraph. Monday, April 27, 1987. pg. 29 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[6] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys run riot”Belfast Telegraph. Monday, May 18, 1987. pg. 23 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

IMAGES

[7] Anon. (1986) “Don Bird…in full flight”Belfast Telegraph. Wednesday, December 10, 1986. pg. 9 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Brian Bird & Paul Hynds

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 26 July 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020-2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.

Belfast Tennants Giants

REFERENCES

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1987] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Irish American Football Association (2018) Shamrock Bowl History [Internet] Available from: hhttp://www.americanfootball.ie/american-football/shamrock-bowl-history/ [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[3] Belfast Spartans (2020) Player Profiles: Georgie Jameson [Internet] Available from: http://www.belfastspartans.co.uk/player-profiles.html [Accessed 21 April 2020]

IMAGES

[4] Dublin Celts American Football Team | Facebook (2017) [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10213260818544676&set=gm.457477981311995&type=3&theater&ifg=1 [Accessed 21 January 2019]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to John Malone, Tony Meenaghan, Declan Mulvey & Paul O’Reilly.

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 21 April 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Jordanstown Jaguars

REFERENCES

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1987] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Irish American Football Association (2018) Shamrock Bowl History [Internet] Available from: hhttp://www.americanfootball.ie/american-football/shamrock-bowl-history/ [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[3] Belfast Spartans (2020) Player Profiles: Georgie Jameson [Internet] Available from: http://www.belfastspartans.co.uk/player-profiles.html [Accessed 21 April 2020]

IMAGES

[4] Dublin Celts American Football Team | Facebook (2017) [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10213260818544676&set=gm.457477981311995&type=3&theater&ifg=1 [Accessed 21 January 2019]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to John Malone, Tony Meenaghan, Declan Mulvey & Paul O’Reilly.

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 21 April 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Bangor Buccaneers

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1986] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Britball Now (2016) Bangor Buccaneers [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/BangorBuccaneers.htm [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[3] Irish American Football Association (2018) Shamrock Bowl History [Internet] Available from: hhttp://www.americanfootball.ie/american-football/shamrock-bowl-history/ [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[4] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1987] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[5] Britball Now (2016) North Down Raiders [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/NORTHDOWNRAIDERS.htm [Accessed 4 July 2018]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Cillian Smith, Michael Smith, Ralph Schmeer and Michael Brophy of the Irish American Football Association and Irish American Football Officials Association

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 26 July 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019-2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.

Aldergrove Hawks

REFERENCES

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1986] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

NEWSPAPERS

[1] Anon. (1987) “Successful start by Belfast Jets”Belfast Telegraph. Tuesday, March 17, 1987. pg. 21 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 26 July 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020-2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.

Belfast Spartans Logo

Belfast Spartans

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1987] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Irish American Football Association (2018) Shamrock Bowl History [Internet] Available from: hhttp://www.americanfootball.ie/american-football/shamrock-bowl-history/ [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[3] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1988] [Other Kitted] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 27 February 2017]

[4] Britball Now (2016) Historial League Tables [1989] [CGL] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/historical-league-tables-in/ [Accessed 27 February 2017]

[5]Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1989] [CGL] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 27 February 2017]

[30] Lucky Show (2016) Irish American Football [Internet] Available from: http://www.luckyshow.org/football/Shamrock%20Bowl.htm [Accessed 5 June 2017]

SOURCES

[6] Naughton, L. (1991) “Minority Report: Spartans supreme”, Evening Herald. Thursday, May 16, 1991, pg. 62.

[7] Naughton, L. (1991) “Minority Report: Tornadoes toppled!”, Evening Herald. Thursday, August 15, 1991, pg. 44.

[8] Anon. (1992) “IRISH CHAMPION CELTS STUNG BY BULLDOG SPIRIT”, First Down. July 11, 1992, pg. 17.

[9] Anon. (1992) “Dublin Celts still winless”, First Down. July 25, 1992, pg. 19.

[10] FD Reporter. (1992) “At last! It’s the Dub-win Celts!”, First Down. August 15, 1992, pg. 17.

[11] Naughton, L. (1992) “Minority Reports: U.S. Football”, Evening Herald. Thursday, September 3, 1992, pg. 94

[12] Naughton, L. (1992) “Minority Reports: U.S. Football”, Evening Herald. Thursday, September 10, 1992, pg. 70

[13] (1993) Storm Dave Talks Back. First Down. 15 May, p. 18.

[14] (1993) Irish Zeros. First Down. 19 June, p. 21.

[15] Carrickfergus Knights (1994) Knights American Football Club Carrickfergus Shamrock Bowl Programme. Belfast. Aldine Print

[16] Anon. (1994) Dublin Clinch Crown. First Down. 8 October1994. p. 22

[17] Anon. (1994) Scoreboard. First Down. 9 July 1994. p. 19

[18] Anon. (1994) Lurgan Blank Belfast. First Down. 9 July 1994. p. 20

[19] Anon. (1994) Scoreboard. First Down. 18 June 1994. p. 19

[20] Anon. (1994) Full Round-Up of BAFA’s Divisions Two and Three. First Down. 7 May 1994. pg. 21

[21] Anon. (1994) Chicago Knights maintain challenge. Carrick Times. 6 June 1994. pg. 60

[22] Naughton, L. (1994) American Football. Evening Herald. Thursday, 5 May 1994 . pg. 91

[23] Naughton, L. (1994) American Football. Evening Herald. Thursday, 26 May 1994 . pg. 68

[24] Naughton, L. (1994) Tornadoes turn up the power. Evening Herald. Thursday, 28 July 1994. pg. 55

[17] Naughton, L. (1994) American Football. Evening Herald. Thursday, 22 September 1994. pg.78

[18] Naughton, L. (1994) US Football. Evening Herald. Thursday, 29 September1994. pg.58

[19] Traynor, Jonathan (1991) “American Football: Clash of Titans!” Sunday Life May 28, 1991. pg. 46

[20] Anon. (1991) “Scoreboard: Gridiron” Sunday Life June 2, 1991. pg. 53

[21] Anon. (1991) “Gridiron: Antrim Dawgs go for walkies” Sunday Life June 9, 1991. pg. 41

[22] Anon. (1991) “American Football: Rows spoil Irish scene” Sunday Life July 28, 1991. pg. 43

[23] Anon. (1990) “American Football double-header” Sunday Life May 6, 1990. pg. 59

[24] Anon. (1990) “American Football Column: Spartans in revenge bid” Sunday Life May 13, 1990. pg. 46

[25] Anon. (1990) “American Football” Sunday Life May 20, 1990. pg. 56

[26] Anon. (1990) “American Football: Junior game is on the up!” Sunday Life May 27, 1990. pg. 58

[27] Anon. (1990) “American Football: off form Bulldogs lack any real bite” Sunday Life June 3, 1990. pg. 46

[28] Traynor, Jonathan (1990) “Local League action hots up” Sunday Life June 10, 1990. pg. 42

[29] Anon. (1990) “American Football: Cowboys riding high..” Sunday Life August 5, 1990. pg. 43

NEWSPAPERS

[30] FD Reporter (1992) “Spitfires win Four Nations Bowl Crown” First Down. September 5, 1992. Pg. 19

LOGOS

[31] Belfast Blitzers Facebook Page (2021) Post to Page by Belfast Blitzers, 5 February 2021: [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/146339398_3535274803250316_484236705150193506_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=2&_nc_sid=dbeb18&_nc_ohc=APIfzLRulaMAX9g3LLc&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=72bcf54f0435a9ab26cd035a8d2cf7c7&oe=604502C2 [Accessed 5 February 2021]

IMAGES

[32] Belfast Spartans (2019) Belfast Spartans Team Photo [Internet] Available from: http://www.belfastspartans.co.uk/uploads/7/9/7/0/7970653/241186.jpg [Accessed 30 July 2019]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to David Turner.

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 5 February 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019-2021.

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.

East Side Jets

1987 Season Report

The Preseason went well for the East Side Jets first ever season, winning 6-0 against Aldergrove Hawks, and then 7-2 against Bangor Buccaneers in their home debut with a fourth quarter touchdown from Mark Dunwoody.

In their first Regular Season game, however, they came up against IAFA Champions from 1986, the Belfast Blitzer, who ran up the score 92-0, and the in their second week they were overwhelmed 58-0 by Shamrock Bowl Champions the previous year, Craigavon Cowboys.

The Jets never recovered after that, and the 9 points they scored against the Belfast Blitzers were to be the only ones they would score all season. They folded after 6 of 10 games, although a match against the Jordanstown Jaguars was overturned in their favour after the Jaguars also pulled out.

Logos

[4] BBC Sport NI Facebook (2020) Post to Page by Andrew C. Hynds, July 25, 2020[Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/110331995_10207676407903700_6075498231333887780_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&_nc_sid=dbeb18&_nc_ohc=VOFw2CPJYmgAX9D9GUf&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=97080de1e6cee4dca8af94992838b196&oe=5F72CA3D [Accessed 30 August 2020]

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1987] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Britball Now (2016) East Side Jets [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/EastSideJets.htm [Accessed 18 July 2018]

NEWSPAPERS

[3] Anon. (1986) “The Jets learn to be mean”Belfast Telegraph. Wednesday, December 10, 1986. pg. 9 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[4] Anon. (1987) “Successful start by Belfast Jets”Belfast Telegraph. Tuesday, March 17, 1987. pg. 21 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[5] Anon. (1986) “American Football”Belfast Telegraph. Monday, April 27, 1987. pg. 29 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[6] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys run riot”Belfast Telegraph. Monday, May 18, 1987. pg. 23 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

IMAGES

[7] Anon. (1986) “Don Bird…in full flight”Belfast Telegraph. Wednesday, December 10, 1986. pg. 9 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Niall Brennan.

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 22 May 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Coleraine Chieftains American Football

Coleraine Chieftains Origins

Coleraine Chieftains were the second team ever founded in Ireland, in 1985, after the Dublin Celts. They were initially founded as a Flag Football team, playing in the very first match between two Irish teams – versus Tyrone Tornadoes in Omagh in 1985.

Coleraine Chieftains Season Report 1986

Coleraine Chieftains went fully kitted in 1986, playing at least two matches – a loss to Dublin Celts in the Jack Daniels Summer Bowl in Dublin held in celebration of American Independence Day and a 0-33 defeat to Craigavon Cowboys on September 27 1986, the week before the first Shamrock Bowl which qualified the Cowboys for the Bowl (Craigavon went on to win SB I).

Note: For the Standings (as is currently known by Eirball) for the 1986 season please see below the References Section.

Coleraine Chieftains Irish American Football League Results 1986

Note: Please Click on the relevant matches to be brought to a page detailing the Scores, scorers, and players lists as well as a Match Report.

Coleraine Chieftains Jack Daniels Summer Bowl 1986

Note: Non-Regular season 4th of July American Independence Day Tournament

Coleraine Chieftains IAFL Regular Season 1986

Standings 1986

PosTeam
1
2
2New St.
2
5
5
7
7
9Idaho Horsemen
9Oregon High Desert Storm
9
9West Sulawesi
13Cathal Brugha
13
13
13Dublin City University
13Milford B
13
13
20
20
20Frankfurt Galaxy
20Hamburg Sea Devils
20IT Carlow
20
20
20New Zealand
20Papua New Guinea
20Tri-City Rush
20Tristar A Castlederg
20Twin Towns A
32
32
32Elezkano II - Zabaleta
32Green Swifts Rockhill
32IT Sligo
32Milford A
32Milford B
32Nauru
32North Dublin
32Panthers Wroclaw
32Romania
32South Sumatra
32The Warriors
32Twin Towns
32United States of America
47
47Azzurri Santa Croce
47Campbell College Belfast
47Canada
47
47Cologne Centurions
47Craigavon Aztecs U21
47
47Enniskillen Blockbusters U21
47Great Britain
47HC Steaua Bucharest (Rom)
47
47
47
47
47Larne Grammar School
47Malta
47Marian
47Mullinavat
47
47
47
47South Africa
47St. Vincent's
47Stuttgart Surge
47Tristar Castlederg
47University College Cork
47Vancouver Pilsners
75
75Alphas (USA)
75
75Barrack St.
75
75Belgium
75Berlin Thunder
75Blues
75Bruckless
75
75
75Carrickfergus Cougars
75Claremorris
75Conquerors
75
75
75
75
75Dynamo L Apero
75Fiji
75Generals
75
75Glenalbyn
75Kilmoganny
75Kinsalebeg
75Leipzig Kings
75Letterkenny
75Lifford
75Lithuania
75
75Maynooth University
75PNE Indians
75
75Rossi Santa Maria Novella
75Setanta
75Touraneena
75Twin Towns B
75Woolly Jumpers Carrick
113Campbell College Belfast
114Enniskillen Blockbusters U21
115
115
115Albania
115Aldergrove Hawks
115Algeria
115Altuna III - Mariezkurrena II
115
115
115Argentina
115
115Artola - Aranguren
115
115
115Ashbourne Stags
115
115Australia
115Austria
115Aviators
115Ayr Burners (Sco)
115BI Academy
115Bahrain
115Bailey Joe Allen Hall
115
115Ballina
115Ballynahinch
115Baltimore Rough Riders
115
115Bangladesh
115Bangor Buccaneers
115Barcelona Dragons
115Barrack St.
115Beat Around Debuchy
115
115
115Belfast Giants
115
115
115
115Bianchi Santo Spirito
115Blazers
115Bolivia
115Borris-Ileagh
115Boston Shamrocks
115Brazil
115Brooklyn Dodgers
115Brunei
115Bulgaria
115Burnaby Lakers
115Canada
115
115
115
115
115
115Chile
115Clara
115
115Clashmore
115Clonard
115Clontarf
115
115Colombia
115
115
115Coquitlam Adanacs
115
115Cork Constitution
115
115Corrib
115Cory in the House FC
115Costa Rica
115Craigavon Aztecs U21
115Cuchulainn Hurling Club
115Cyprus
115Czechoslovakia
115Céide Lámh Dhearg
115
115
115
115
115Denmark
115
115Derrynoose
115Dicksboro
115
115
115
115Dragons Rouen (Fra)
115
115
115
115
115Dublin Spartans B
115
115Dublin University
115
115
115East Germany
115Ecuador
115
115El Salvador
115
115England
115Exeter Softly FC
115Ezkurdia - Ladis Galarza
115Fanatical Dodgers
115Finland
115Flames Blueus Reims (Fra)
115
115France
115France
115
115
115
115
115
115Garryowen
115
115
115Gor-Che
115Gothiques Amiens (Fra)
115Grads
115Greece
115Green Isle All-Stars
115Guatemala
115Guo-Guo
115HC Dunarea Galati (Rom)
115HC Progrym Gheorgheni (Rom)
115HC Sportul Studentesc (Rom)
115HK ECE Celje (Slo)
115HK Hidria Jesenice (Slo)
115HK Slavija Junior (Bul)
115HK Triglav (Slo)
115HK True Celje (Slo)
115HK Vojvodina (Ser)
115Haiti
115Honduras
115Hong Kong
115Hungary
115IK Esbjerg (Den)
115IK Herning (Den)
115IMASA Sf. Gheorghe (Rom)
115
115Iceland
115Inchicore College
115India
115Indonesia
115Inter Bens Bike
115Iran
115Iraq
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115Iremany
115Is Your Motherwell
115Israel
115It's about to get Messi
115JK Brackens
115Jaka - Martija
115Jambi
115James Stephens
115Japan
115Jordan
115Jordanstown Jaguars
115Jousters
115KADCA (Badminton)
115KHL Medveščak (Cro)
115KHL Mladost (Bul)
115KHL Zagreb (Cro)
115Kamikazee
115
115
115
115
115
115
115Kilruane MacDonaghs
115Kinsalebeg
115Kuwait
115Landsdowne
115
115
115Lebanon
115
115Letterkenny
115Libya
115
115Linemen
115
115Loco Polo
115
115Loughmore-Castleiney
115
115Luxembourg
115Macau
115Malaysia
115Malta
115
115Mariners Baseball B
115Marlboro Shamrocks (Mass)
115
115
115Middletown Na Fianna
115Milford A
115Moleicester City
115Mooncoin
115Morocco
115
115
115Nanaimo Native Sons
115Naomh Moninne
115Nenagh Éire Óg
115Nepal
115
115
115Netherlands
115New Collection
115New Westminster Salmonacs
115New Westminster Salmonbellies
115New York Giants
115New York Yankees
115New Zealand
115Newcastle Senators (Eng)
115North Korea
115North Sumatra
115Northern Ireland
115
115
115Norway
115
115Obi 1 Kenobi 0
115
115Olaizola II - Rezusta
115Oman
115
115PR China
115Papua
115Papua
115Paraguay
115Peru
115Peña II - Albisu
115Pintmen FC
115Poland FIFA
115Port Coquitlam Saints
115Portugal
115Qatar
115
115Republic of Ireland
115
115
115Romania
115Roscrea
115SC Miercurea Ciuc (Rom)
115SKHL Crvena Zvezda (Ser)
115
115
115Saudi Arabia
115
115Scotland
115Sea Lions
115Sean Treacy’s Hurling Club
115Singapore
115Skinny Jeans & thongs
115
115Sligo City BC
115Smack my Bilic Up
115Snorting Lisbon
115Sombrero Gaels
115South Fraser Stickmen
115South Korea
115South Sulawesi
115Spain
115Spastic Hawks
115Spirish Wildcats
115Straight to Town
115
115Surinam
115Sweden
115Switzerland
115Syria
115
115Taiwan
115Taking the Mkhitaryan
115
115
115Terenure College
115Thailand
115The All Blacks
115The Tribe 2.0
115Thurles Sarsfields
115Tilburg Trappers (Ned)
115Timova FC
115
115Toomevara
115Toronto Maple Leafs
115Trinidad & Tobago
115
115Tristar B Castlederg
115Tunisia
115Turkey
115
115
115
115
115
115
115USSR
115
115United Arab Emirates FIFA
115United States of America FIFA
115University College Cork (IRFU Rugby Union)
115University College Dublin
115University College Dublin (IRFU Rugby Union)
115University of Limerick
115Urrutikoetxea - Imaz
115Uruguay
115Venezuela
115Verdi San Giovanni
115Victoria Shamrocks
115Victoria Shamrocks
115
115Wales
115
115Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks
115West Bondage Albion
115West Germany
115West St.
115West Sulawesi
115
115Wirral Wolves
115Wolves of university street
115Yakima Canines
115Yemen AR
115Yemen PDR
115Young Munster
115Yugoslavia
115
PosTeam
1
2
2New St.
2
5
5
7
7
9Idaho Horsemen
9Oregon High Desert Storm
9
9West Sulawesi
13Cathal Brugha
13
13
13Dublin City University
13Milford B
13
13
20
20
20Frankfurt Galaxy
20Hamburg Sea Devils
20IT Carlow
20
20
20New Zealand
20Papua New Guinea
20Tri-City Rush
20Tristar A Castlederg
20Twin Towns A
32
32
32Elezkano II - Zabaleta
32Green Swifts Rockhill
32IT Sligo
32Milford A
32Milford B
32Nauru
32North Dublin
32Panthers Wroclaw
32Romania
32South Sumatra
32The Warriors
32Twin Towns
32United States of America
47
47Azzurri Santa Croce
47Campbell College Belfast
47Canada
47
47Cologne Centurions
47Craigavon Aztecs U21
47
47Enniskillen Blockbusters U21
47Great Britain
47HC Steaua Bucharest (Rom)
47
47
47
47
47Larne Grammar School
47Malta
47Marian
47Mullinavat
47
47
47
47South Africa
47St. Vincent's
47Stuttgart Surge
47Tristar Castlederg
47University College Cork
47Vancouver Pilsners
75
75Alphas (USA)
75
75Barrack St.
75
75Belgium
75Berlin Thunder
75Blues
75Bruckless
75
75
75Carrickfergus Cougars
75Claremorris
75Conquerors
75
75
75
75
75Dynamo L Apero
75Fiji
75Generals
75
75Glenalbyn
75Kilmoganny
75Kinsalebeg
75Leipzig Kings
75Letterkenny
75Lifford
75Lithuania
75
75Maynooth University
75PNE Indians
75
75Rossi Santa Maria Novella
75Setanta
75Touraneena
75Twin Towns B
75Woolly Jumpers Carrick
113Campbell College Belfast
114Enniskillen Blockbusters U21
115
115
115Albania
115Aldergrove Hawks
115Algeria
115Altuna III - Mariezkurrena II
115
115
115Argentina
115
115Artola - Aranguren
115
115
115Ashbourne Stags
115
115Australia
115Austria
115Aviators
115Ayr Burners (Sco)
115BI Academy
115Bahrain
115Bailey Joe Allen Hall
115
115Ballina
115Ballynahinch
115Baltimore Rough Riders
115
115Bangladesh
115Bangor Buccaneers
115Barcelona Dragons
115Barrack St.
115Beat Around Debuchy
115
115
115Belfast Giants
115
115
115
115Bianchi Santo Spirito
115Blazers
115Bolivia
115Borris-Ileagh
115Boston Shamrocks
115Brazil
115Brooklyn Dodgers
115Brunei
115Bulgaria
115Burnaby Lakers
115Canada
115
115
115
115
115
115Chile
115Clara
115
115Clashmore
115Clonard
115Clontarf
115
115Colombia
115
115
115Coquitlam Adanacs
115
115Cork Constitution
115
115Corrib
115Cory in the House FC
115Costa Rica
115Craigavon Aztecs U21
115Cuchulainn Hurling Club
115Cyprus
115Czechoslovakia
115Céide Lámh Dhearg
115
115
115
115
115Denmark
115
115Derrynoose
115Dicksboro
115
115
115
115Dragons Rouen (Fra)
115
115
115
115
115Dublin Spartans B
115
115Dublin University
115
115
115East Germany
115Ecuador
115
115El Salvador
115
115England
115Exeter Softly FC
115Ezkurdia - Ladis Galarza
115Fanatical Dodgers
115Finland
115Flames Blueus Reims (Fra)
115
115France
115France
115
115
115
115
115
115Garryowen
115
115
115Gor-Che
115Gothiques Amiens (Fra)
115Grads
115Greece
115Green Isle All-Stars
115Guatemala
115Guo-Guo
115HC Dunarea Galati (Rom)
115HC Progrym Gheorgheni (Rom)
115HC Sportul Studentesc (Rom)
115HK ECE Celje (Slo)
115HK Hidria Jesenice (Slo)
115HK Slavija Junior (Bul)
115HK Triglav (Slo)
115HK True Celje (Slo)
115HK Vojvodina (Ser)
115Haiti
115Honduras
115Hong Kong
115Hungary
115IK Esbjerg (Den)
115IK Herning (Den)
115IMASA Sf. Gheorghe (Rom)
115
115Iceland
115Inchicore College
115India
115Indonesia
115Inter Bens Bike
115Iran
115Iraq
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115Iremany
115Is Your Motherwell
115Israel
115It's about to get Messi
115JK Brackens
115Jaka - Martija
115Jambi
115James Stephens
115Japan
115Jordan
115Jordanstown Jaguars
115Jousters
115KADCA (Badminton)
115KHL Medveščak (Cro)
115KHL Mladost (Bul)
115KHL Zagreb (Cro)
115Kamikazee
115
115
115
115
115
115
115Kilruane MacDonaghs
115Kinsalebeg
115Kuwait
115Landsdowne
115
115
115Lebanon
115
115Letterkenny
115Libya
115
115Linemen
115
115Loco Polo
115
115Loughmore-Castleiney
115
115Luxembourg
115Macau
115Malaysia
115Malta
115
115Mariners Baseball B
115Marlboro Shamrocks (Mass)
115
115
115Middletown Na Fianna
115Milford A
115Moleicester City
115Mooncoin
115Morocco
115
115
115Nanaimo Native Sons
115Naomh Moninne
115Nenagh Éire Óg
115Nepal
115
115
115Netherlands
115New Collection
115New Westminster Salmonacs
115New Westminster Salmonbellies
115New York Giants
115New York Yankees
115New Zealand
115Newcastle Senators (Eng)
115North Korea
115North Sumatra
115Northern Ireland
115
115
115Norway
115
115Obi 1 Kenobi 0
115
115Olaizola II - Rezusta
115Oman
115
115PR China
115Papua
115Papua
115Paraguay
115Peru
115Peña II - Albisu
115Pintmen FC
115Poland FIFA
115Port Coquitlam Saints
115Portugal
115Qatar
115
115Republic of Ireland
115
115
115Romania
115Roscrea
115SC Miercurea Ciuc (Rom)
115SKHL Crvena Zvezda (Ser)
115
115
115Saudi Arabia
115
115Scotland
115Sea Lions
115Sean Treacy’s Hurling Club
115Singapore
115Skinny Jeans & thongs
115
115Sligo City BC
115Smack my Bilic Up
115Snorting Lisbon
115Sombrero Gaels
115South Fraser Stickmen
115South Korea
115South Sulawesi
115Spain
115Spastic Hawks
115Spirish Wildcats
115Straight to Town
115
115Surinam
115Sweden
115Switzerland
115Syria
115
115Taiwan
115Taking the Mkhitaryan
115
115
115Terenure College
115Thailand
115The All Blacks
115The Tribe 2.0
115Thurles Sarsfields
115Tilburg Trappers (Ned)
115Timova FC
115
115Toomevara
115Toronto Maple Leafs
115Trinidad & Tobago
115
115Tristar B Castlederg
115Tunisia
115Turkey
115
115
115
115
115
115
115USSR
115
115United Arab Emirates FIFA
115United States of America FIFA
115University College Cork (IRFU Rugby Union)
115University College Dublin
115University College Dublin (IRFU Rugby Union)
115University of Limerick
115Urrutikoetxea - Imaz
115Uruguay
115Venezuela
115Verdi San Giovanni
115Victoria Shamrocks
115Victoria Shamrocks
115
115Wales
115
115Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks
115West Bondage Albion
115West Germany
115West St.
115West Sulawesi
115
115Wirral Wolves
115Wolves of university street
115Yakima Canines
115Yemen AR
115Yemen PDR
115Young Munster
115Yugoslavia
115

Note: The NIAFA was a League on Paper only that included only Regular Season Matches played by Northern Ireland teams amongst themselves – no extra matches were played. It is like a “Northern Conference” Table.

PosTeam
1
2
2New St.
2
5
5
7
7
9Idaho Horsemen
9Oregon High Desert Storm
9
9West Sulawesi
13Cathal Brugha
13
13
13Dublin City University
13Milford B
13
13
20
20
20Frankfurt Galaxy
20Hamburg Sea Devils
20IT Carlow
20
20
20New Zealand
20Papua New Guinea
20Tri-City Rush
20Tristar A Castlederg
20Twin Towns A
32
32
32Elezkano II - Zabaleta
32Green Swifts Rockhill
32IT Sligo
32Milford A
32Milford B
32Nauru
32North Dublin
32Panthers Wroclaw
32Romania
32South Sumatra
32The Warriors
32Twin Towns
32United States of America
47
47Azzurri Santa Croce
47Campbell College Belfast
47Canada
47
47Cologne Centurions
47Craigavon Aztecs U21
47
47Enniskillen Blockbusters U21
47Great Britain
47HC Steaua Bucharest (Rom)
47
47
47
47
47Larne Grammar School
47Malta
47Marian
47Mullinavat
47
47
47
47South Africa
47St. Vincent's
47Stuttgart Surge
47Tristar Castlederg
47University College Cork
47Vancouver Pilsners
75
75Alphas (USA)
75
75Barrack St.
75
75Belgium
75Berlin Thunder
75Blues
75Bruckless
75
75
75Carrickfergus Cougars
75Claremorris
75Conquerors
75
75
75
75
75Dynamo L Apero
75Fiji
75Generals
75
75Glenalbyn
75Kilmoganny
75Kinsalebeg
75Leipzig Kings
75Letterkenny
75Lifford
75Lithuania
75
75Maynooth University
75PNE Indians
75
75Rossi Santa Maria Novella
75Setanta
75Touraneena
75Twin Towns B
75Woolly Jumpers Carrick
113Campbell College Belfast
114Enniskillen Blockbusters U21
115
115
115Albania
115Aldergrove Hawks
115Algeria
115Altuna III - Mariezkurrena II
115
115
115Argentina
115
115Artola - Aranguren
115
115
115Ashbourne Stags
115
115Australia
115Austria
115Aviators
115Ayr Burners (Sco)
115BI Academy
115Bahrain
115Bailey Joe Allen Hall
115
115Ballina
115Ballynahinch
115Baltimore Rough Riders
115
115Bangladesh
115Bangor Buccaneers
115Barcelona Dragons
115Barrack St.
115Beat Around Debuchy
115
115
115Belfast Giants
115
115
115
115Bianchi Santo Spirito
115Blazers
115Bolivia
115Borris-Ileagh
115Boston Shamrocks
115Brazil
115Brooklyn Dodgers
115Brunei
115Bulgaria
115Burnaby Lakers
115Canada
115
115
115
115
115
115Chile
115Clara
115
115Clashmore
115Clonard
115Clontarf
115
115Colombia
115
115
115Coquitlam Adanacs
115
115Cork Constitution
115
115Corrib
115Cory in the House FC
115Costa Rica
115Craigavon Aztecs U21
115Cuchulainn Hurling Club
115Cyprus
115Czechoslovakia
115Céide Lámh Dhearg
115
115
115
115
115Denmark
115
115Derrynoose
115Dicksboro
115
115
115
115Dragons Rouen (Fra)
115
115
115
115
115Dublin Spartans B
115
115Dublin University
115
115
115East Germany
115Ecuador
115
115El Salvador
115
115England
115Exeter Softly FC
115Ezkurdia - Ladis Galarza
115Fanatical Dodgers
115Finland
115Flames Blueus Reims (Fra)
115
115France
115France
115
115
115
115
115
115Garryowen
115
115
115Gor-Che
115Gothiques Amiens (Fra)
115Grads
115Greece
115Green Isle All-Stars
115Guatemala
115Guo-Guo
115HC Dunarea Galati (Rom)
115HC Progrym Gheorgheni (Rom)
115HC Sportul Studentesc (Rom)
115HK ECE Celje (Slo)
115HK Hidria Jesenice (Slo)
115HK Slavija Junior (Bul)
115HK Triglav (Slo)
115HK True Celje (Slo)
115HK Vojvodina (Ser)
115Haiti
115Honduras
115Hong Kong
115Hungary
115IK Esbjerg (Den)
115IK Herning (Den)
115IMASA Sf. Gheorghe (Rom)
115
115Iceland
115Inchicore College
115India
115Indonesia
115Inter Bens Bike
115Iran
115Iraq
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115
115Iremany
115Is Your Motherwell
115Israel
115It's about to get Messi
115JK Brackens
115Jaka - Martija
115Jambi
115James Stephens
115Japan
115Jordan
115Jordanstown Jaguars
115Jousters
115KADCA (Badminton)
115KHL Medveščak (Cro)
115KHL Mladost (Bul)
115KHL Zagreb (Cro)
115Kamikazee
115
115
115
115
115
115
115Kilruane MacDonaghs
115Kinsalebeg
115Kuwait
115Landsdowne
115
115
115Lebanon
115
115Letterkenny
115Libya
115
115Linemen
115
115Loco Polo
115
115Loughmore-Castleiney
115
115Luxembourg
115Macau
115Malaysia
115Malta
115
115Mariners Baseball B
115Marlboro Shamrocks (Mass)
115
115
115Middletown Na Fianna
115Milford A
115Moleicester City
115Mooncoin
115Morocco
115
115
115Nanaimo Native Sons
115Naomh Moninne
115Nenagh Éire Óg
115Nepal
115
115
115Netherlands
115New Collection
115New Westminster Salmonacs
115New Westminster Salmonbellies
115New York Giants
115New York Yankees
115New Zealand
115Newcastle Senators (Eng)
115North Korea
115North Sumatra
115Northern Ireland
115
115
115Norway
115
115Obi 1 Kenobi 0
115
115Olaizola II - Rezusta
115Oman
115
115PR China
115Papua
115Papua
115Paraguay
115Peru
115Peña II - Albisu
115Pintmen FC
115Poland FIFA
115Port Coquitlam Saints
115Portugal
115Qatar
115
115Republic of Ireland
115
115
115Romania
115Roscrea
115SC Miercurea Ciuc (Rom)
115SKHL Crvena Zvezda (Ser)
115
115
115Saudi Arabia
115
115Scotland
115Sea Lions
115Sean Treacy’s Hurling Club
115Singapore
115Skinny Jeans & thongs
115
115Sligo City BC
115Smack my Bilic Up
115Snorting Lisbon
115Sombrero Gaels
115South Fraser Stickmen
115South Korea
115South Sulawesi
115Spain
115Spastic Hawks
115Spirish Wildcats
115Straight to Town
115
115Surinam
115Sweden
115Switzerland
115Syria
115
115Taiwan
115Taking the Mkhitaryan
115
115
115Terenure College
115Thailand
115The All Blacks
115The Tribe 2.0
115Thurles Sarsfields
115Tilburg Trappers (Ned)
115Timova FC
115
115Toomevara
115Toronto Maple Leafs
115Trinidad & Tobago
115
115Tristar B Castlederg
115Tunisia
115Turkey
115
115
115
115
115
115
115USSR
115
115United Arab Emirates FIFA
115United States of America FIFA
115University College Cork (IRFU Rugby Union)
115University College Dublin
115University College Dublin (IRFU Rugby Union)
115University of Limerick
115Urrutikoetxea - Imaz
115Uruguay
115Venezuela
115Verdi San Giovanni
115Victoria Shamrocks
115Victoria Shamrocks
115
115Wales
115
115Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks
115West Bondage Albion
115West Germany
115West St.
115West Sulawesi
115
115Wirral Wolves
115Wolves of university street
115Yakima Canines
115Yemen AR
115Yemen PDR
115Young Munster
115Yugoslavia
115

Note: No Official Standings were kept for all games played over the course of the 7 different competitions or stages of the 1986 IAFA season, this is a Composite Table calculated automatically by Eirball.

 

 

Logo references

[1] Coleraine Chieftans (2002) Coleraine Chieftans: Chief Image [Internet] Available from: http://www.thecolerainechieftans.freeservers.com/images/chief.gif [Accessed 18 July 2018]

REFERENCES

[1] Miriam Lord (1986) “Crunch: but could they handle Moss Keane?” Irish Independent. Monday, March 17, 1986. pg. 7

[2] BritballNow (2017) British and Irish sides Friendly results against foreign opposition [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/UKClubsForeignOppo.html [Accessed 16 November 2017]

[3] James Mulcahy (1986) “Savage Celts” Irish Independent. Thursday, March 27, 1986. pg. 9.

[4] BritballNow (2017) Newcastle Senators [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/NEWCASTLESENATORS.htm [Internet] [Accessed 25 June 2021]

[5] Irish American Football League (2002) Other Events [Internet] Available from: http://americanfootball.ie/iafl/otherevents02.htm [Accessed 20 March 2018]

[6] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys into Shamrock Bowl” Belfast Telegraph. Monday, September 29, 1986. Pg. 18.

Past Copies of the Belfast Telegraph are available to view online at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/

[7] Anon. (1986) “American Football comes to Dublin” Irish Press. Wednesday, November 12, 1986. Pg. 11. [Past Copies of the Irish Press are available to view online at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ ]

[8] Anon. (1986) “Today’s sport” Irish Press. Wednesday, Friday, November 28, 1986. pg. 22 [Past Copies of the Irish Press are available to view online at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ ]

[9] Anon. (1986) “Marlboro on the march” Irish Press. Wednesday, Friday, November 28, 1986. pg. 17 [Past Copies of the Irish Press are available to view online at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ ]

[10] Sean Moloney (1986) “Shamrocks from USA are playing to win” Evening Herald. Saturday, November 29, 1986. pg. 6.

WEBSITES

[11] Britball Now (2016) History of the Game in Ireland [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/ireland/history-of-the-game-in.html [Accessed 02 October 2016]

[12] Britball Now (2008) UK Clubs Against Foreign Opposition [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/UKClubsForeignOppo.html [Accessed 16 November 2008]

[13] Semi-Pro Football (2017) Eastern Football League Champions [Internet] Available from: http://www.semiprofootball.org/minor/champs/eastfl.htm [Accessed 16 November 2017]

SOURCES

[14] Kevin Sharkey (2020) “The Dublin Celts” Word Document shared by John Gunning on Facebook Messenger with permission.

REFERENCES

[1] Anon (1986) “Crunch: but could they handle Moss Keane?” Irish Independent. Monday, March 17, 1986. pg. 7

Past copies of the Irish Independent are available to view online at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/

REFERENCES

WEBSITES

[1] Britball Now (2016) Results Section [1986] [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 23 March 2017]

[2] Britball Now (2016) Bangor Buccaneers [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/BangorBuccaneers.htm [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[3] Irish American Football Association (2018) Shamrock Bowl History [Internet] Available from: hhttp://www.americanfootball.ie/american-football/shamrock-bowl-history/ [Accessed 23 March 2018]

[4] Britballnow.co.uk (2019) 1986 Results [Internet] Available from: http://www.britballnow.co.uk/history-index/results-section.html [Accessed 17 August 2019]

INTERNET ARCHIVES

[5] Craigavon Cowboys | Wayback Machine (2017) Charles ‘Chuck’ Ebron Interview [Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20170514064407/http://www,craigavoncowboys.co.uk:80/news [Accessed 10 October 2018]

SOCIAL MEDIA

[6] Belfast Blitzers | Facebook (2019) Comments on Post by David Turner, August 12-17, 2019 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/belfastblitzers/posts/2244208692356940 [Accessed 17 August 2019]

[7] Belfast Blitzers | Facebook (2019) Comments on Post by David Turner, September 7, 2019 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/belfastblitzers/posts/2286790341432108?comment_id=2287705898007219&reply_comment_id=2292185984225877&notif_id=1568031304420635&notif_t=feed_comment [Accessed 9 September 2019]

NEWSPAPERS

[8] Anon. (1986) “A cracking good show for grid-iron fans” Belfast Telegraph. Tuesday, September 23, 1986. pg. 24 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[9] Anon. (1986) “American flavour” Belfast Telegraph. Friday, August 8, 1986. pg. 26 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[10] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys into ‘Shamrock Bowl’” Belfast Telegraph. Monday, September 29, 1986. pg. 18 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[11] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys triumph’” Belfast Telegraph. Monday, October 6, 1986. pg. 19 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[12] Anon. (1986) “Picture caption’” Belfast Telegraph. Monday, August 11, 1986. pg. 30 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

IMAGES

[13] Anon. (1986) “Picture by Rick Hewitt’” Belfast Telegraph. Monday, August 11, 1986. pg. 30 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[14] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys to meet Celts’”Belfast Telegraph. Saturday September 27, 1986. pg. 24 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[15] Anon. (1986) “Blitzers turn the tables”Belfast Telegraph. Tuesday June 24, 1986. pg. 28 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[16] Anon. (1986) “Cowboys into Shamrock Bowl’”Belfast Telegraph. Saturday September 29, 1986. pg. 18 [Internet] Available online at the Irish Newspaper Archive at: https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/ which is a subscription service.

[17] Anon. (1986) “Sport in Brief: American Football” Sunday Press. August 17th, 1986. pg. 25.

[18] Anon. (1986) “Dublin Celts are Blitzed” Sunday Press. August 17th, 1986. pg. 25.

MEDIA

[19] BBC Sport NI Facebook (2020) Video, May 20, 2020 [Comment by player at 1:00-1:10] [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/BBCSPORTNI/videos/693338128160962 [Accessed 30 August 2020]

SOCIAL MEDIA

[1] Belfast Blitzers Facebook Page (2019) Post, August 12, 2019 at 1:31 PM [Internet] Available from:  https://www.facebook.com/belfastblitzers/posts/2244208692356940?notif_id=1565921781157641&notif_t=comment_mention [Accessed 17 August 2019]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 17 July 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020-2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.